Was The Red Queen Pakal's Wife? Or Mother?

By Frank D. Gardner

New hypothesis is presented by the book

A revelation was set by recent studies that the Red Queen, a royal tomb and the bones of this character could be from this ancient Mayan ruler's consort and not from his mother.

The publication was presented at the National Museum of Anthropology which was also coedited by INAH and Turner Publications.

A whole new speculation declares that the The Red Queen's remains, uncovered at Palenque, Chiapas, could match the wife of the ruler of the ancient Mayan city, Pakal II, and not of his mother, as was assumed over the early decades of the uncovering of the tomb in the year 1994.

The following approach, inferred from the outcomes of a number of conservation and also restoration of bio anthropological and archaeological studies, is uncovered in the book The Red Queen, a royal tomb, written by archaeologist Arnoldo Gonzalez Cruz, that was shown at the National Museum of Anthropology.

On this publication, copublished by the INAH or National Institute of Anthropology and History and Turner Publications, it is known that the characteristics of the skull of the Red Queen have a similarity to the representations on a variety of boards found in the archeology area of the Pakal's wife.

The final results of investigations advise the speculation that the skeleton found may possibly correspond to Tz'ak-b'u Ajaw, who was the consort of King Pakal II K'inich Janahb, this process arose from the coincidence of the amount of years between the age of the skeleton, whose studies place it in 672 AD, with the dates documented on the Palenque monuments, which refer to November 13th, 672 since the duration of death of the sovereign's wife.

For this, extra Genetic or DNA experiments state that this character as well as the Palenque ruler don't have any some connection of kinship, and not his mother's bones.

Nevertheless, regardless of the improvement of brand new research,the Red Queen's biography doesn't end with this particular editorial contribution said Arnoldo Gonzalez, INAH archaeologist, "simply because it's likely that soon brand new archaeological data still left unseen underground as well as linking the queen with somebody in her family is going to be produced."

GENERAL DIRECTOR OF INAH SPEAKS ABOUT THE BOOK

In the presentation of the book, INAH general director Alfonso de Maria y Campos, stated that if it is confirmed that the Red Queen was the wife of Pakal II, more than 1,300 years past, it would have a broader insight of Palenque's founding moment during the Classic Period back in 650-900 AD, confirming that this ruler made the city the western hegemonic Mayan center.

Moreover, he added that such new publication is a scholarly review of multidisciplinary researches which was done since 1994 and during the time the discovery was recorded. After several years of research and study, the publication serves a vital bridge between our knowledge as well as the desire of the reader to know more about the Red Queen."

De Maria y Campos said that this text as an institutional project and a satisfaction in the editorial ground because, "it is done beautifully and having a lively writing which does not neglect the research and science that characterizes the institute."

In this regard, he said that, during the present administration, the INAH publishing project has actually been renewed because of the launch of new collections and scientific books, together with some digital methods.

"Moreover, he added, in connection with this, the national and international publishing agreements have been renewed, plus new copublishing agreements have been established owing to the fact that the INAH is Latin America's most important publishing house and one of the world's most significant anthropological issues."

Furthermore, De Maria y Campos thanked Mexico Nestle Group "for its significant participation as well as consistent protection and dissemination of the country's cultural heritage, specially in Chiapas, where Nestle backed the development of the Palenque Site Museum as well as the publications disclosure, like the one presented on this occasion; furthermore, generously donated several hectares in Chiapa de Corzo so as to provide better protection of the ancient remains."

Juan Carlos Marroquin Cuesta, chief executive of Mexico Nestle Group, for his part, reiterated the commitment of his company which was established in the country in 1930 - in the conservation, development and diffusion of the cultural heritage of Mexico, via actions taken for a number of years in Chiapas, amongst which includes participation in the Palenque Round Table, which brings Mayan culture scholars together.

STATEMENTS OF SCHOLARS

Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, INAH emeritus researcher, stressed the importance of this finding, recorded inside the Temple XIII, which significantly expanded the knowledge about mortuary practices of the Maya societies during The Red Queen, a royal tomb, book review. According to the archaeologist, the book provides an overview of this ancient civilization, contextualizing the discovery of the Red Queen in the 138 graves found in Palenque from 1923 to date and telling its government, role of women and farming systems, myths, beliefs and architecture.

The grave contained a monolithic female sarcophagus, together with offerings comprised of jade pieces and a mask made from malachite, that was engrossed in thick cinnabar in 3 inches, because of the qualities of this red mineral, Arnoldo Gonzalez Cruz, archaeologist and, director of the excavation, referred to it as as the Red Queen.

As part of his presentation, an archaeologist at the UNAM Institute of Anthropological Research, Rodrigo Liendo Stuart stressed the work of the author, who handles the problem of the origin and also identity of the individual laid to rest in that burial plot as well as its impact in the Palenque society; additionally, the work makes implications in regards to the concepts and also rituals associated with death, via the analysis of archaeological materials and also the utilization of history and epigraphy.

There are 11 chapters in the book The Red Queen, a royal tomb and it deals with the ancient inhabitants of Palenque and their recreation of life, their architecture, funeral and burial system, the exploration techniques utilized in 1994 in Temple XIII, whose interior the burial chamber was discovered, plus the opening of the sarcophagus. On top of that, analysis of the position that held the archaeological materials in the grave of the Red Queen, description of the associated offerings and their possible importance, research studies formed on the found mosaic masks, along with the commonalities and differences between the Red Queen as well as the Pakal's tombs are unveiled.

The sections are given the title: A Queen's City, Death in Palenque, A Bare Temple, Opening a Sarcophagus, A Tomb for Eternity, Buried Clues, Mosaics in Time, Transit to the Underworld, The Footsteps of a Queen, The Red Queen and her relationship with Pakal, as well as final Thoughts.

Explore the ancient and magnificent Mayan Ruins.

About the Author:

Looking to travel to Mexico? Check out the Mexico Travel Blogs at the 2Adventuretravel.com travel community. In case you're looking for a way to enjoy the majestic Mayan ruins, you can see the Chichen Itza Tour.

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A Boat License Is Needed In Your State

By Elinor Tran

A New Jersey boat license is required to operate boats in the state. A certificate for passing an approved exam will meet this requirement. Licenses are not issued by the state. The issue of a certificate after the completion of a safety course exam is all that is required,

Operators that are over the age of 13 will need to obtain a certificate. This is required by the state and is subject to a fine and a ticket if an operator does not have a valid certificate. If you are a boater that lives in the state of NJ, you will need to take a boater safety course.

Complete all of the fields on the page including the drop down boxes. You need to select your state and then include your Zip Code. There is also a field that is needed for the distance to search from your area or location. You will see the results when you click the Search button at the bottom of the page.

Many boating safety courses can be taken online. They often have a fee that may be up to $40. You will need to watch a series of videos that are narrated and animated. Various exercises are available to give a viewer more information to reinforce the material they have already learned.

These courses will often have a fee that is up to $40. This can be paid after the first chapter is complete. Many online courses also have an animated video that is narrated that can be viewed on your computer at home or anywhere the Internet is available.

Successful completion of the safety course exam will earn you a new jersey boat license. You can keep the certificate inside of the boat anytime that you take it out on the water. The certificate will need to be with you anytime that boats are being operated.

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How To Make The Most Of The Winter Season Today

By Chase Crawford

Have you ever tried spending the winter season in another country? Most people would not want to that. They think being caught up in the snow in a foreign land will just limit the number of travels and outdoor activities they can do - a total waste of vacation. However, there a number of ways which can help you enjoy this time of the year as a tourist in a far away place.

If you are with your children or younger relatives, you can try interesting, at the same time, educational activities with them any time of the day. While the sun is up, you can all engage to animal tracking. Get into the snow and find animal tracks. Take pictures of them. When you get home play a guessing game using your animal track photos. At night, take the young ones with you around a campfire and lead them into stargazing. If you can, name the stars you will spot in the winter season sky.

Perhaps, you are touring the other part of the globe with your friends. There are a host of out-of-the-door thrills that you could try. In fact, there are tour packages to certain resorts which include sledding, skiing, skating and trekking. If you want something raw or more exciting, your group can plan hiking to a snow-covered mountain or figure skating over a frozen lake. Never forget to put on the right gears Wherever adventure takes you. If you want to earn extra cash by sharing your exhibition skills in the snow, search for yourself a winter job in ski resorts. You can simply be a ski instructor. Moreover, you can offer English learning classes to locals who want to learn the language in the comfort of their own house. This is how some tourists vacationing in non-English speaking countries gain extra money as they build friendships with new acquaintances as they talk about Japan rail tickets today.

Let us now have things meaningful that you can do indoors during this cool weather. You can visit the local library and the museum of the country where you are staying. This will give you a chance to learn the country's history through relevant books kept in there. If you want to see pieces of its rich culture and heritage, schedule yourself a tour to the nearest museum. The good thing about these two activities is that you will be able to meet locals with whom you can have conversations. You can exchange stories about your respective countries. You can learn each other's language and social customs as well.

The winter season in another country can also mean new cultural art forms and exotic dishes to try. Again with the use of internet, you can look up for classes which can teach you making of crafts which originated in that country, aside from searching for english speaking jobs in Japan. You can do the same when hunting for appropriate cooking classes. Lessons for these are usually tailor fit for tourists who cannot afford to stay for a long time to take a full art or cooking course.

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Looking For More Details On Japan Rail Tickets? Visit http://www.boobooski.com Today

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What To Look Out For In A Company Offering City Food Tours

By Stephanie Skinner

If someone wants to explore American cuisine, they should go for New York City food tours. This town is ethnically diverse, with representation not only from all American states, but from virtually every country in the world. Exploring what the world eats is a mouth watering prospect.

There are a variety of traveling companies offering these services. Attractive as the prospect of learning about exotic cooking may be, it is wise to pay attention to the quality of a tour guide. A bad leader can make the whole walk a chore, while a good one will enliven the trip.

If that doesn't whet someone's appetite, they could always turn their attention, and their plate, to the Midwest. This is America's breadbasket, and the cuisine reveals that the residents are descendants of immigrants from Scandinavia, Germany, Eastern Europe, and Greece. Combine the old world culinary traditions with influences from the rest of US and the result is extremely delicious cooking.

It may also help to check with a government or local town authority to see if they are registered and licensed to operate. If the company is international, then that information will be available even before one leaves their home country. If someone is staying in a hotel, then it probably has knowledge on which companies are most reliable.

The Southeast and the Gulf Coast has the oldest and arguably the best cuisine in America, or so the residents claim. It is said that the proof of pudding is in the eating, so a visitor's palate is the best judge of that. The unique blend of European, Native American, Caribbean, and African cultures has produced an almost unrivaled array of great cooking.

It would also help to look at the company's brochures, and see how it describes itself. Its claims may not match up to reality. Someone can also listen to their gut feeling. One cannot be guided by a person they don't trust. When it comes to new york city food tours, those are the things to look out for.

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There is a lot more helpful information about What To Look For In A City Food Tours Guide at our website.

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The Proper Towbar for Your Vehicle

By Byron Jonas

Countless motor vehicle owners are drawn out to the road every day, every year, in search of the promise lying just over the horizon. In pursuit of that goal, many vehicle owners are intent on being able to bring along as much of their property with them as possible.

That's where having a towbar installed on your vehicle comes into play: to allow for the use of a trailer behind one's vehicle and thus expand the volume of things that travel with you on the road.

To properly tow a trailer, it is necessary to have a standard and strong towbar, also known as a tow hitch, installed that can deal with heavy loads and ensure that the vehicle and the trailer move in relative synchrony, preventing excessive disarticulation between the movements of each.

Not any towbar will perform that way, of course. Beyond making sure that your towbar fulfills certain industry standards it is essential that you hear what a professional has to say on the matter before you have a towbar installed on your car or buy a vehicle because of its in-built towbar.

There are two basic forms of towbar on the market: one version which includes a towball mounted on a tow bracket, and another which incorporates a tow pin and jaw along with a trailer loop. The former variety will allow for greater articulation of the trailer's and car's movements, whereas the latter variety is a little more rigid (though if there is enough slack in the pin the same result can be achieved, more or less).

Receiver towbars are a variety of towbar that include a removable tow ball and are included in some larger vehicles on the factory line, while fixed towbars are ones which are built right onto the car's frame and come in heavy duty vehicles. Either way, the towbar is attached right to the vehicle chassis to ensure that the load being towed is properly resisted and doesn't damage the vehicle. For optimal distribution of weight during towing, special square sockets exist, and using these helps improve the safety in a towing operation and decrease the risk of an accident happening.

Loading the tow ball is a delicate procedure and has to be done just right in both the horizontal and vertical sense, otherwise there is greater risk of something going awry. If you do not have experience loading the tow ball, then get the help and advice of somebody that does, a decision that will not only help avoid damages to your own property and vehicles but also avoid hurting other people out on the roadways.

There is hardly a towbar safer than the Lunette Ring variety of coupling. This variety is made up by the Lunette Ring itself and the pintle hook on the vehicle; these couplings are recommended for people towing trailers on uneven or rugged terrain such as out in the country.

About the Author:

Byron Jonas knows that towbars are an crucial accessory for a vehicle, which explains why he sought professional advice before buying a towbar on his vehicle.

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The Small Hotel in London Had Fantastic Pine Wardrobes

By Giles Ingram

I love visiting London because of its beauty as well as many things to see and do. For instance, while in London, you will come across very many guest houses and hotels, that charge low rates to stay, thus your accommodation does not have to be too costly. The guest houses are usually open to both the locals and tourists. When I last visited London, I booked for guest house accommodation as to save money is always my aim . Even then, I always prefer checking out the various guest houses because as a furniture dealer, I enjoy sampling the various furniture designs.

One of the reasons why I chose this type of accommodation, is that unlike many guest houses I have been to before that are out of town, this particular one is within the city on a very quiet street. This allows guests to enjoy a serene environment right at the heart of the city. The second reason why I opted for this guest house is because they also have a restaurant, that offers a variety of foods at very reasonable prices. Moreover, the guest house takes into account the tastes and preferences of each guest.

The interior of the guest room was well decorated, as the walls were finished with nice warm colors that bring that special cheer into the room. Apart from the colors used, the hotel also has unique furniture pieces that include big wooden bed, a pine desk in the study area and narrow bedside cabinets. For the storage of your clothes, the room has superb pine wardrobes that are custom made to reflect the standards of this hotel. In addition, there is a huge full length mirror on the wall as well as other accessories like wall hangings.

The hotel rooms also have an area where you can unwind there are sliding doors that open on the balcony where there are 2 easy chairs and . This is specially good during the night when you can take it easy have a small drink or just sit and watch the world go round if you prefer there are videos to watch on the TV. Other than that, you could ask for to be served some tea if you do not need to go back to the restaurant. The view from your balcony lets you have a great look of the city along with the beauty of London with the bright lights shining in the dark.

The usefulness of the position of the guest house is also worth mentioning, since it is in that part of the town where the atmosphere is calm and you may even now find inns that might serve low price meals. When you are planning to go to London but are uncertain about your lodging you don't have to fret as you will discover quite a few guest houses and great selections of places to stay from which you'll enjoy. In actual fact, you may make sure you find a hotel that very best meets your needs irrespective of your tastes. Even then, it is always sensible to have accommodation inside of the city as it permits you straightforward path to a variety of places and such as galleries that will make your journey memorable. In summary, London boasts of a quantity of accommodation services that come with small hotels that certainly serve the needs of just about every visitor that comes to stay.

About the Author:

Want to find out more about the hotel's bespoke wardrobes, then visit Giles Ingram's site on how to choose the best pine wardrobes for your needs.

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Travel Smart And Safe With These Tips

By Cecilia Burke

Even the most seasoned jet-setter has to make many different decisions in preparation for an upcoming trip. Having the proper knowledge of what you need to consider when planning will ensure that your trip is a success. This article provides useful tips and suggestions that can help you plan your travels.

When you are planning a vacation, doing it online is very efficient. There are numerous travel sites dedicated to assisting you with finalizing your itinerary in a simple, user-friendly format. Booking flights, hotels or rental cars can all be done on the Internet. Reviews and photographs of hotels are available on the web. Some travel web sites will offer deals if you book your trip, such as discounts.

Let you children know about the security procedures at the airport. Prior to arriving at the airport, let them know exactly what will occur during the security screening process. Remember to stay close to your child at all times when they are going through the security check, and if possible, have one of the adults in your group go through before them, so they can see how simple it is.

Make sure you are careful about any food allergies you may have whenever you visit a foreign land. If you do have food allergies, it is a good idea to learn some words for food in the native language. This will help you ask locals about foods you want to avoid. Also, if the worst happens, you'll be able to tell a doctor about your allergies.

Do not wait until you go on a cruise to find out if you get seasick. It will ruin your cruise vacation. You will be bedridden, recovering from the seasickness, and not having fun. To be safe, buy seasickness medication before you embark. Even if you don't need it, it is better to have it just in case.

An increasing number of airports have added these facilities; use them to give your children some exercise and diversion. If the airport has resources for children it will make a delay, of any length, much more enjoyable for the whole family.

If you are going on a road trip, bring your favorite music to listen to while you ride. Radio coverage is not the greatest in some locations. Bringing along your own music can be a fun experience.

If you arrive at your location before your baggage, don't freak out. Make sure you have your documents ready, ask the location of the office for lost luggage, and fill out your paperwork. Most of the time your luggage will be found, and you can continue with your trip as planned.

Be wary of any current social or political drama at your destination. You can check the website of the Bureau of Consular Affairs for current updates on any situations developing abroad that may cause problems for travelers. You will be able to stay away from dangerous situations.

Getting ready to travel is intimidating, as was mentioned at the beginning of the article. If you take the time to learn a little bit about how to plan a vacation, you will find that it doesn't have to be difficult. Use the tips listed in this guide and you will surely be able to make great travel plans.

About the Author:

Don't let an issue with your car destroy your holiday. Before you head out, fix any unresolved Gastonia North Carolina repair car issues.

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How To Find Luxury Rental Homes

By Freida Lamb

Luxury rental homes near Orlando are fantastic and equally exciting. The places are spacious and offer customers an experience of a lifetime. They are strategically positioned and are therefore convenient to various guests specifications. The region adds a completely new meaning to business of luxury homes since it is reputable all over the world.

The climate is ideal for holiday seekers, therefore suiting their requirements. It is absolute fan to hang out in these cherished accommodation villas that make it an exciting experience for families to have together. This is amongst one of the worlds best known vacation sites. There are many activities to engage in that are exciting and interesting in equal measure.

The houses are fully furnished, therefore making the guests feel at home instantly. With ample space, there is enough to park a vehicle and a vast compound for the kids to play in. The interior is luxurious with TV and DVD systems fully installed. A home theater system is also present to ensure that guest are entertained at all times. There are special rooms for playing games too.

Various amenities are available in the house. For instance, there is a home theater system, to keep the occupant well entertained. TV sets and DVDs are also available for the families use. The availability of these necessities helps make the occupants feel at home and at ease. This way, they are able to enjoy their vacations with no worries at all.

There are private swimming pools in the compound allowing the occupants the freedom of use. This comes in handy especially when the family would want to have their time alone. The pool water could be heated anytime the owners would like to. This affords them the luxury many they are seeking. The houses also have wireless internet connectivity.

luxury rental homes near Orlando are fantastic to say the least. They accommodation sites are situated strategically to ensure that guests get the perfect experience from the view of surrounding apartments and establishments. Most visitors are wowed with the services available at these sites.

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Effective Tips for Elders Traveling Abroad

By Nelson Fox

In the past and not so long ago, ordinary people could hardly consider traveling aboard. That was a pleasure reserved for the wealthy. However, today this option is relevant to poor students who save penny by penny to explore Europe in their summer vacation , retirees who spend their days traveling in Asia and exotic places and adventure lovers risking themselves in the dense forests of Africa or South America. Traveling abroad has turn out to be a common thing for different target audiences. Nevertheless when elders are going to take pleasure in holidays in abroad, they should be careful about a number of issues. Preparing items well in advance can save them from the hassles that are linked with exploring an unknown location.

Let's have a look at the things to consider when elders travel abroad.

If you have decided to explore countries that are not western counties, you will most likely need to be equipped with medicine and vaccination. If you are going to South East Asian countries, you must get a series of vaccinations for typhoid, malaria, Japanese encephalitis and Hepatitis A and B. Other than these vaccinations, if you go to Africa or South America, you must get a vacation to yellow fever and meningitis. Typically, these shots need be taken weeks or even a month before you travel. Visiting a medical professional is advised as quickly as you decide on going on a holiday.

Take your medicine with you: it is important that you will make a thorough research to take the relevant medicine and pills according to your health condition and the destination you are going to. Pack your medicine kit including the prescription medicines you take on a daily basis, insect repellent, eye drops, aspirin, cough syrup, allergy medication, diarrhea medication and so on. Packing an identification bracelet is also important as it may help your relatives sustain their peace of mind while you travel. Also consider taking an extra pair of glasses just in case you lose your permanent pair.

Eat Properly: This is one more important aspect you should to bear in mind. Keep away from eating cheap food so your diet will stay balanced. Eat only in restaurants that are considered relatively hygiene. Don't drink anything other than boiled or mineral water. Other than following these tips it is also critical to purchase healthy insurance that covers different scenarios when going abroad.

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Learn more about טיולים מאורגנים

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Your Kids Can Enjoy Your Next Vacation

By John Wright

If you are making plans to go on a trip with your young child, you have some concerns in your consciousness. A trip is hard enough already for some adults thanks to the monotony of long areas of highway. What would that do to a child whose attention span is only about 5 minutes?

This is not as not possible as you believe. You simply need to prepare beforehand and have a creative bag of tricks at hand. Read this piece of writing for tips on enjoying campervan hire in Melbourne what to put in your bag of tricks! Youngsters love to do things with their hands. Therefore , you need to load up on bunch of inexpensive, fun-to-do, activity kits.

You'll be able to find a huge variety in a craft store, or often even at the the greenback store. Be sure to find something that your kid can do mostly on his own, unless you are sitting at the back with him. Pack enough activities for every couple of hours of the trip, and then a few more.

Small coloring books, easy-to-do craft kits, sticker books, are all good options. Stay clear of multi-piece puzzles because it's not difficult to lose a piece and cause disappointment. Activities with magnets are fun, as well. Activity kits aren't only really good for the road trip, but you can take a pair with you wherever you are going solely for those moments when your child starts whining. Your youngster will get hungry at the most inconvenient of times, when there is no rest stop for miles away.

That's the reason why you should pack a good mix of nibbles in little zip-loc bags. Whenever you child claims he is hungry and it is not meal time yet, hand him a bag. Do not let him see your stash because he'll want the remainder of it. Keep the rest out of the way, and make it a puzzle.

This could entertain your child and provide him with some nourishment. Each kid loves to hear music. Bring along some fun children's CDs. You can usually find a good selection at your neighbourhood library. Your kid will be excited to sing along to his favourite songs, and he may learn 1 or 2 along the way. Don't play the same CD continuously, unless your child insists upon it. Though, it will drive the adults insane, the price is worthwhile for a happy child.

Road trips are a wonderful time for stories. Sit with your youngster at the back seat and read to him. To make story telling even more interesting, pack one or two puppets to act out the story. Give your kid a puppet to play a role with you. He will love the interactive play. As can clearly be seen, trips can be fun for all.

You just need to use some creativeness keep your youngster engages. Although your child is young, he will remember and treasure these special trips for the remainder of his life.

About the Author:

John Wright's works are in books, articles and websites all around the world. Read more: find out more or Driveabout Campers.

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