Monday, April 11, 2011

A Brief History Of Hybrid Cars

By Owen Jones


The first difficulty with working out which was the first hybrid vehicle, is deciding what the term 'hybrid vehicle' means. For example, a barge being pulled by a horse with the current of the canal might be construed as a hybrid vehicle. However, most people these days will agree that a true hybrid vehicle utilizes a 'rechargeable energy storage system' or an RESS.

For instance, this could define a vehicle that uses one kind of propulsion, such as an internal combustion engine as its main form of propulsion, while that engine recharges batteries that can also be used to run an electric engine.

I am certain that it will surprise 90% + of individuals to hear that the history of hybrid vehicles is almost as long as the history of automobiles themselves. Porsche is a well-known make of expensive sports cars, but in 1898 Ferdinand Porsche, a young Czech student, designed the Loher-Porsche one-cylinder internal combustion engine.

However, this engine was utilized to drive an electric generator, the electricity from which was employed to power electric motors which were attached to every of the four wheels. The petrol engine was used merely to produce electricity for the electric motors in this early example.

This early hybrid was presented at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 and was capable of travelling at 35 mph (56 kph). In 1901, Porsche drove it himself to win the Exelberg Rally. After this they sold over 300 units of their primitive hybrid car. Mass production had not been thought of yet and rich people were still sceptical about the new, smelly technology.

1959 was the next landmark in the history or hybrids because petrol was not expensive and few individuals, if any, foresaw the future for the world and the environment. Anyway, the car developed, the Henney Kilowatt used the early transistors or those days to regulate the flow of electricity. This was the real precursor to modern hybrid cars.

One of the developers of the Henney Kilowatt was Victor Wauk and he was concerned with the process of experimenting with electric cars in the Sixties and Seventies. Occasionally, he is called the Godfather of Hybrid Vehicles.

It is fairly remarkable, but the regenerative braking system used by contemporary hybrids to help recharge a hybrid's batteries was developed in 1978 by the electrical engineer, David Arthurs..

It then took until president Bill Clinton took the initiative to instigate the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles in 1993. It involved the Dept of Energy, Chrysler, ford, GM and one or two others. G. W. Bush replaced this program with his own FreedomCar Initiative in 2001.

This initiative was designed to fund extraordinarily risky or difficult projects for the development of hybrid cars. It has taken us more than 100 years to rejuvenate the initial hybrid concept and we only did that because we were compelled to do it.




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Sunday, April 10, 2011

Vacation Plans

By Luciano Nocetti


Are you stressed out? Thinking about a holiday? If so, wherever are you planning to family vacation? Are you thinking of a trip household? If you're, then it's possibly time to purchase 1! You'll find some lucky persons available who already possess a family vacation home. A best spot for the get away throughout the weekends or to appreciate those long summer days. A spot to escape from the hectic city life and to quietly relax wherever you will find all your stress melting away. You'd also need to obtain a vacation household to make individuals holidays even additional memorable.

Now, we may well have folks that have their holiday houses inside driving distance only to ensure they could visit it much more generally. But we also have people who acquire houses down inside the south to ensure that it is nice and sunny. If this kind of house is just not employed really typically but maybe just once or twice a year, you may well desire to go for an option known as 'timeshare'. This would mean that one would have the accommodation throughout their holiday at that certain time. The holiday home could be shared by an additional specific or family as well when they need it. This would steer clear of you the price of maintenance during the year and you would only have to pay during the time you might be there. This selection is being swiftly adopted by individuals who are looking to get holiday properties now.

The winter time, and not just the sun, is also enjoyed and preferred by several. These individuals generally want to ski, snowboard or get engaged in several types of winter sports. The timeshare is really a viable method for them too. Obtaining a getaway household at these locations, which would only be visited for a few weeks in the course of winter, is just not very feasible. So rather than leaving the household empty for a larger portion from the 12 months, a single would rather opt for timeshare.

You'd chose your family vacation home depending on the type of person you are and what you normally get pleasure from performing. If you are a man or women who enjoys water sports like swimming, fishing or boating, you should discover yourself somewhere near the drinking water front wherever you'd have ready access to water. The time that you just invest here would ascertain the type of vacation property you may invest in.

To find a wonderful vacation house is truly not that tough but it depends on you and your family's requirements and to realize what finest suits you. The choices offered by the actual estate marketplace would contain cottages, condos and time shares. You must assess how much time you might basically spend in a very holiday house prior to you venture out to invest in one. There can be no point in acquiring a wonderful household that you simply would only go to once in a calendar year. So it would be wiser to opt for a timeshare in this scenario. If that you are able to holiday for only two weeks or so inside a calendar year, a timeshare could well be the very best bet and a greater option. Also should you find your self working during weekends, then a vacation residence could well be a smart idea as you'd use this incredibly generally




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Beautiful Vertical Blinds for Any Home

By Cadell Derbing


All families making choices in designing their homes want them to be as beautiful and as versatile as possible. Colors, fabric, and designs are so exciting to consider, but often families don't consider the perfect window treatments, and these choices are much more important than you might think. The range of possibilities is also much broader than you would think as well. You might have considered just drapes or curtains but have you ever considered the possibility of blinds alone or drapes with blinds as well?

During the past few years, people have begun to realize that vertical blinds once used primarily in offices or for sliding glass windows that lead to patios or balconies might also be attractive and beautiful used in homes in other ways. Vertical blinds can offer you just that, and the possibilities for their use are limitless.

Well, let's say you are considering vertical blinds but you need to be convinced that they can be beautiful, useful, and cost effective in your home. First, vertical blinds come in several choices of materials, and sizes created by many reputable manufacturers who offer them in prices that are certain to fit your budget as well as increase the beauty and value of your home. When selecting the perfect vertical blinds, consider all the choices of ones available to you. Of all the sizes, colors, materials you can choose from, you are certain to find ones that fit your taste and your budget. Vertical blinds could just be the choice of dcor that could give your home the originality that impresses your guests and makes it more useful and comfortable for you.

In addition to colors, you can buy them in metal, wood, or PVC and some may be painted or stained to match your other room designs. They can come in many sizes to fit any window of your home, regardless of the size of the windows, and can be fit to even your smallest bathroom.

Because vertical blinds are so versatile, when you begin considering them you will have a whole new world of decorating ideas that you might not have thought of before. Vertical blinds can be used in any room of your house for their beauty as well as their utility, and your choice of these beautiful blinds could be the defining element that gives your home its warm, natural character.

So when considering your window treatments for your home, or consider new window treatments for remodeling or for an upgrade, think first of all the possibilities of vertical window blinds. They can be a wonderful choice for your interior decorations.




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The splendour of the Namib desert and its fascinating existence

By Anika Schelhase


The beautiful and lonely Namib Desert in the African country of Namibia stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west, to the Namib Escarpment in the east and from the Usiab River in the north to the town of Luderitz in the South. It is about 1600km in length and the width varies from 50 - 160 km across. The Southern Namib has a vast sea of dunes, some of them the tallest and most impressive dunes in the world. They are known not only for their impressive sizes, sometimes exceeding 300 meters, but also for their amazing colours ranging from vivid oranges to vibrant reds and soft pinks.

The desert is almost completely barren and receives less than 10 mm rain annually. Rain is super scarce and unpredictable. Fog drifting in from the coast is often the only source of water plants and animal life can steadily rely on. The fact that the Namib is so dry is also apparent in the fact that there are almost no bodies of water on the surface as most rivers flow underground or are dry for almost the entire year.

The northern desert along the coast, interaction between the water-laden air from the sea and the dry air of the desert causes severe heavy fog and strong currents, treacherous to sailors. Along the Skeleton Coast evidence of this is apparent as the coast is littered with shipwrecks, some of them as far as 50 meters inland due to the slow westwards movement of the desert reclaiming land slowly as time goes by.

Fascinating plant and animal species can be found in the desert, all of them highly adapted to the arid conditions. The most famous and well known plant in the desert is most probably the strange Welwitschia mirabilis. The plant can grow to be hundreds of years old, survive in the driest conditions and looks like something straight from a science fiction movie, almost surreal in its existence.The animals found in the Namib mostly comprise of little animals who can survive on very little water but a variety of antelopes and gazelles as well as ostrich and the famous desert elephants also survive there. Many species of lizards can also be found in the desert, all specially adapted to survive the harsh environment, extreme heat and severe drought.

Touring companies in Namibia and South Africa do offer walking trips and 4x4 trails through the desert if you would like to experience this unique landscape first hand. I recommend contacting Ecoventures for an unforgettable trip through the Namib desert!




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The Significance of Over 65 Travel Insurance

By Harvin Gulfill


Traveling the world is a very tempting prospect, even to seniors and to people over 65 years of age. One advantage of being retired is the ability to freely explore the world, but seniors often find it difficult to find good travel insurances if they have reached a certain age. A vacation to somewhere else in the world is fun and worthwhile, provided that no health concerns or emergencies interrupt it. Over 65 travel insurance ensures traveling seniors the safety they need and deserve while enjoying their much needed vacations.

Over 65 travel insurance is an insurance policy for men and women of senior age who want to be secured from possible financial risks while traveling. It covers the problems of lost luggage, cancellations, and even medical treatments while on the holiday. Not to mention the stress one experiences due to such problems.

In the past, people 50 years of age and older were not accepted to apply for travel insurances. An elderly lucky enough to be granted one had to pay a large sum even if the insurance did not offer all benefits he is supposed to have. But due to recent increases in the number of traveling seniors, insurance companies and travel agencies came up with better insurances for senior travelers. They now have offerings like over 65 travel insurance and the benefits are also not limited. Seniors in their 60s can enjoy both a single-trip policy and a multi-trip one, since 65 years of age is still an acceptable age in companies' age limits for such policies.

Seniors can now enjoy traveling since over 65 travel insurance can be easily acquired through travel agencies, insurance companies or their respective websites.

Seniors can now travel with ease and safety, with the knowledge that they can easily acquire affordable travel insurance.




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Choosing Cruises For Family To See The World Stress Free

By Adriana Noton


Family holidays ordinarily require a lot of planning and a great many factors need to be taken into consideration. Many things can cause problems. The destination may not be to the liking of everybody, limited facilities and activities may be available for young people and the trip itself may be taxing. Most of these hassles can be avoided when considering cruises for family.

When considering a voyage, it is important to ensure that the liner will meet all your requirements. Most liners offer various programs for different age groups, and it would be sensible to make sure that provision is made for every member of your group. The destinations should also be taken into account. Too many stops may leave no time for proper onshore exploration, while too few may cause onboard life to become monotonous.

The care and safety of babies and toddlers are often the major factor when planning a holiday. They need constant attention, and can severely restrict the activities of other members of the family. Most liners solve this problem with the availability of extensive programs aimed at babies and young children. These programs aim to provide a variety of activities in a safe environment. Caregivers are well qualified and experience, allowing you to also enjoy the break.

Keeping teenagers happy during family holidays can also be difficult. Most liners offer separate programs catering for their needs. They are able to enjoy the activities that appeal to them and to interact with others of their own age, but activities are always monitored and parents are able to communicate with their children at all times.

The assurance that members of the family are able to enjoy themselves in a safe environment can offer parents the ideal opportunity to finally relax and to fully enjoy themselves. A host of choices normally ensure that every moment can be enjoyed to the full. Onshore explorations can provide additional variety, but you may choose to simply relax, partake in deck games or even to attend lectures.

One of the main advantages of this type of holiday is the variety of destinations that are normally part of the voyage. Most packages are all inclusive and thus cost effective, and liners place a high priority of excellent service. Another very important plus for many is the safe environment where every member of the family can pursue their own interests.

There are not many drawbacks to a voyage. If you become bored or unhappy for any reason, you are stuck, and cancellations or early departure may lead to financial loss. Some people may suffer from seasickness, but this is easily managed and seldom occurs on large liners. Others find the accommodation cramped and lacking privacy.

It is no wonder that this type of holiday become an institution with so many families. It is possible to visit a wide variety of destinations, minimal planning is necessary and provision can easily be made for the unique preferences of everybody in the group. Considering Toronto cruises for family may change your ideas of the ideal holiday.




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Saturday, April 9, 2011

Discover More Regarding Printmaking

By Clara Berta


Printmaking is actually an art that involves the transferring of an image from a single surface such as an inked plate to another like a piece of paper, fabric, metal or wood. The art finds its strength in its artistic importance as well as being able to be duplicated, contributing greatly to the definition of world cultures. One would find alternate printmaking techniques as unique as Indian, Oriental, European, as well as American civilizations. With each, a style has manifested itself over time, transforming into a form of artistic tradition for the people.

Printmaking is the method of creating artworks by printing, commonly on paper. Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable of producing several duplicates of the very same piece which is called a print. Every piece is not a duplicate but an original as it is not a reproduction of some other work of art and is practically referred to as an impression. Painting or drawing on the other hand, create a unique original piece of artwork. Prints are made from a single original surface area known technically as a matrix. Frequent kinds of matrices include: plates of steel, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching; natural stone, used for lithography; chunks of timber for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-printing. Yet there are many other forms. Works printed from a single plate create an edition, in modern times typically every signed and numbered to create a limited edition. Prints might likewise be printed in book form, as artist's books. A single print can be the result of a single or several techniques.

Printmaking techniques could be divided into the following fundamental groups or categories: 1) relief printing, in which the ink goes on the original surface area of the matrix. Relief techniques consist of: woodcut or woodblock as the Oriental forms are often known, wood engraving, linocut and metalcut; 2) intaglio, where the ink will go underneath the original surface area of the matrix. Intaglio methods include: engraving, etching, mezzotint, aquatint, chine-coll as well as drypoint; 3) planographic, in which the matrix maintains its entire surface but a few areas are treated in order to make the image. Planographic techniques consist of: lithography, monotyping, and digital techniques.4) stencil, which includes: screen printing as well as pochoir. 5) Viscosity printing.

Other forms of printmaking techniques outside these categories include collagraphy and foil imaging. Modern printmaking technology may included like digital printers, photographic platforms and mixture of both digital processes as well as traditional processes. Many of these methods can likewise be merged. For example, Rembrandt's prints are often referred to as etchings for convenience, but very often include work in engraving as well as drypoint at the same time, and quite often don't have any etching at all.

Often color in printmaking which involves etching, screen printing, woodcut, or linocut is applied by either making use of separate plates, blocks or screens or by using a reductionist approach. In multiple plate color techniques are numerous plates, screens or blocks made, each giving a various color. With a few printing methods such as chine-coll or monotyping, printmaking artists might sometimes merely paint into the colors they want, like a painter would and then print. The subtractive color concept is also applied to offset or digital print and is present in bitmap or vectorial software in CMYK or other color spaces.




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Primary Reasons You Fail at Shedding Weight

By Roger Phillip


So many people are trying to lose weight, but many find that no matter what they do, they can't seem to get the results they want. There is an array of reasons that your weight loss efforts are unsuccessful, and in this article we'll be discussing some of the most essential ones. Keep in mind that losing weight is a long term process, and no matter what methods you use, you'll need some patience.

Losing weight isn't just about what and how much you eat, you must also consider when you eat. One mistake that most dieters make is to skip breakfast, thinking that it is the best way to cut back on calories. Breakfast is actually the best time to eat a larger meal, and when you eat nothing, or just a muffin or donut in the morning, you're likely to eat more later in the day. In addition, eating late at night is not recommended. Your body will have difficulty in burning off the calories if you eat late at night, so it is best not to eat your meals at least three hours before you go to bed.Typically, it is always a good idea to eat a large breakfast and slowly lessen food intake as the day progresses.

Your weight loss efforts may be encountering roadblocks along the way because of your snacking habits although you may not acknowledge it to be so. Calories add up with each bite of the delicious cookies, chips and donuts that are almost always within your reach, which is counterintuitive to your weight loss goals. If you are serious about calorie counting, everything that enters your mouth must be accounted for including the in-between snacks since these foods still contains calories with most of these snacks being unhealthy ones. To counteract such fattening habit, you can pack in your bag healthy alternatives like low-fat yogurt, vegetable sticks and salads that will not pack on the pounds but will fill your stomach in between meals.

There is a ton of data that a deficiency in sleep can be an essential thing when it comes to adding on weight. When you don't get the necessary amount of sleep, it causes your complete metabolism to become out of whack, and this often equates to a strange increase in appetite. Also, you tend to feel run down and you may try to compensate for this by eating more foods you think will give you energy, such as sweets and carbs. Therefore if you have any complications with sleep, you should attend to this matter, because there is a range of drawbacks links with not getting the needed amount of sleep. If you have serious insomnia, you may require some medical advice, although in a lot of instances you can get more sleep by going to bed earlier and reducing the stimulants in the evening.

Your feelings of frustration are understandable considering the difficulty of losing weight and you seem to always fall into the category of failure. You should look at various approaches before choosing one weight loss plan that works the best for your case. Almost anybody can lose excess weight when the cause behind their previous failures can be identified. Your lifestyle habits are the main aspects of the weight loss plan that must be assessed for any necessary changes, all in the interest of finally becoming successful.




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ED is Curable

By Cheryl Wilson


Most people are unaware that impotence, or erectile dysfunction, is often a sign of something wrong physically, and not psychologically, which does mean it can be curable.

Impotence in men is easily one of the least understood medical conditions in society today. Two factors are responsible for this unfortunate state of affairs.

1. Fear, guilt, shame and worry of talking about anything sexual with others due to the social stigma of discussing sexually related issues.

2. Sexual ignorance and a belief in the myth that erectile dysfunction is related to psychological issues.

These two issues are the underlying reason why so many cases of impotence remain poorly managed, if they're discussed at all. It is not surprising, therefore, that the general impression is that impotence is something largely incurable.

This mistaken belief in impotence being based on psychological factors is unfortunate, as erectile dysfunction can be treated and cures.

Impotence, or erectile dysfunction (ED, E.D.), as andrologists prefer to call it, has always been and continues to remain an extremely common disorder. It's believed that as many as 10 percent of men suffer from the affliction. Above the age of 40, nearly 52 % of men are affected.

Despite this staggering incidence, few cases come to light.

It's commonly believed that men who experience impotence have an 'all or nothing' phenomenon. Most laymen (and several doctors) believe that a man can either have an erection of very good quality or none at all. Nothing can be farther from the truth. Men with erectile problems do experience normal desire and can achieve an erection, yet the erection is often not as hard as it could be, or it doesn't remain hard for very long. This is why most andrologists prefer to describe the condition as erectile dysfunction, to describe only a partial loss, rather than impotence, which desribes a complete loss. And yet the vast majority of people still believe psychological issues are the cause, rather than physical.

Fortunately that common belief is slowly turning around. Andrological research has advanced in recent years to conclusively realize that between 80 and 90 percent of men suffering from chronic impotence are afflicted from a problem within the body and not within the mind. The causes are diagnosed after a series of andrological tests and then the physical issue is treated without using psychological means.

Other fields of medical research are advancing at a rapid pace all the time, yet male reproductive problems remain under-researched and far behind other advances. For example, female reproductive problems are the focus of highly specialized medical fields such as obstetics and gynecology and have been around for a long time. The field has become so advanced that gynecology includes various sub-specializations within the field which include gynecological oncology, infertility, pregnancy problems and more, simply because the developments are so vast. There could be an underlying reason for the delay in the progression of this subject.

Two factors are predominant. The first of these is male chauvinism. Our history shows that our society has become very patriarchal and somewhat dominated by males. Many men simply can't override their own egos in order to admit that something might be wrong with their manhood. Oddly, men are responsible for the advances in medical research surrounding the female reproductive system and development of the gynecology and obstetrics fields. But they refused to look into themselves.

The second reason is a misinterpretation of the teachings of Sigmund Freud. This led to the erroneous conclusion that most male sexual problems had their roots in the mind.

The vast majority of medicine branches are based on purely biology, where the study starts by understanding the structure and function of that bodily part before trying to work out what could have gone wrong, yet the male reproductive branch of medicine stemmed from psychology instead of biology.

Logically, people know that there is a complex series of neuromuscular actions needed to raise a finger, but they aren't aware that the same level of complex neuromuscular actions are also required to lift a penis. In fact, mot people think all men need to do is think about naught thoughts in order to make the latter happen.

What then causes impotence (ED)? Even though erectile dysfunction can occur in men ranging in age between 13 and 90 and has been linked to various different clinical conditions, the underlying problems that cause impotence are few in number.

Each of these causes can be identified accurately with the help of the advances made in andrological investigative medicine.




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Befor Hitting The Road, New Tires

By Jimmy Kidd


Purchasing tires can definitely be bewildering. It's very hard to figure out how to get started, and specifically if you haven't bought tires before it's doubtful you have a feel for what you're looking for. I hope this asset will help you acquire your next group of tires. This is the kind of guide we wish we would of had the first time we bought tires.

Step 1: Closely examine the tires you have on your car at this time. Check the size, type, model #'s etc... Look at the sidewall of the tire for almost all this information. You might not understand it all at first, but that's no problem. Make sure you copy the information down so you have it when you need it. Are you sure you need new tires? Be sure to check for that.

Step 2: Put in a call to your favorite tire shop or one near by and say: Hi, I own a 1998 Honda Civic and I'd like to see what you have in stock that would fit my car? (replace your make and model naturally) Ensure you're ready to take down the information they give you, and write down everything they say. Don't hangup until you have the exact price inclusive of installation, and all the detailed info on the tires. You might have to ask but,check out what the manufacture suggested mileage is. NOTE: Not all shops can tell you right off the bat what kind of tires to get for your car. That's exactly why I had you copy down your current tire information. Now they should have no trouble giving you the info you need.

Step 3: Get in touch with other tire shops in the area and compare what they tell you with the first shop you called.

Step 4: Now that you've got some solid information, narrow your choices down to 2-3 potential tires. Search Google for the name and model of each tire and see what people are saying about each tire. Read customer comments, trade blogs, just about anything on the topic will do.

Step 5: You're all set, you've done your homework and are ready to make a tire purchase.

Hopefully you learned something by reading this guide. If you learn something you'd like to share during your tire purchase please leave a comment so others can learn as well. Thanks!




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